Tube sheet refers to the plate used for supporting and protecting pipelines. Pipelines are usually connected to the tubesheet through mechanical fixation or welding after drilling. In addition to serving as a fixing function, the pipe plate can also withstand the fluid and pressure inside the pipeline, reducing vibration and damage during operation. Carbon steel tube sheet, as a common tube sheet material, has a wide range of applications.

Carbon steel tube sheets are mainly composed of iron and carbon, which contain a high proportion of carbon elements, usually between 0.2% and 2.1%. In addition, it may also contain small amounts of elements such as manganese, silicon, and phosphorus, which can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of carbon steel plates. Here are some main advantages and disadvantages of carbon steel pipe sheets:

Advantages:

1. High cost-effectiveness: Carbon steel, as a common and economical material, is more affordable compared to other high alloy materials, making carbon steel pipe sheets the preferred choice in many applications.

2. High strength: Carbon steel is a type of steel with high strength, and its tensile strength is usually between 400-550MPa. This enables carbon steel plates to have high strength and rigidity under heavy loads and high pressures, enabling carbon steel pipe plates to maintain stability and reliability in high temperature and high pressure environments.

3. Good wear resistance: Carbon steel plates can achieve higher hardness and good wear resistance after heat treatment. Therefore, in some situations where wear resistance is required, carbon steel plate is the preferred material.

4. Easy to process and weld: Due to its low carbon content, carbon steel plates have good plasticity and weldability, and can be processed through various methods such as cold processing and hot processing. This makes the manufacturing and installation process of carbon steel pipe sheets relatively simple and efficient, reducing production costs and time.

5. Good environmental performance: Compared to other materials, carbon steel plates have better environmental performance. It can be recycled and reused to reduce resource waste and also reduce environmental pollution.

Disadvantages:

1. Easy to corrode: Carbon steel plates are prone to rusting, which is one of their biggest drawbacks. Due to the high content of iron in carbon steel plates, rust will occur when they react with oxygen in the air. This not only affects the appearance, but also leads to corrosion and damage to the surface of the board. Compared to stainless steel and other high alloy materials, carbon steel is more prone to corrosion in corrosive environments such as humidity, acidity, and alkalinity, which may lead to damage and shortened lifespan of the tube plate. To address corrosion issues, surface coatings or the use of anti-corrosion coatings can be used to enhance the corrosion resistance of carbon steel pipe sheets.

2. Not suitable for high temperature and strong acid environments: Carbon steel has lower temperature and acid resistance than high alloy materials, so in some applications that require high temperature or acidic media, carbon steel pipe sheets may not be suitable. This drawback can be avoided by welding other alloy materials to alter the performance of the contact surface.

3. Heavy weight: Compared to some lightweight alloy materials, carbon steel pipe sheets are relatively heavy, which may increase installation and maintenance difficulties.

In summary, carbon steel pipe sheets have advantages such as high cost-effectiveness, high strength, and ease of processing. However, their corrosion resistance, temperature resistance, and weight need to be evaluated based on specific application environments, and suitable materials should be selected to meet the requirements.

Atomic emission spectrum analysis has its unique advantages, especially suitable for pre-furnace analysis, so that it has become an essential analytical means for metal smelting and casting industry, and its characteristics are as follows:

(1) Multi-element simultaneous detection capability. Simultaneous determination of multiple elements in a sample. After each sample is excited, the different elements emit characteristic spectra, so that multiple elements can be determined simultaneously. For complex products, the more analytical elements are required to heal, and the economic benefits are good.

(2) Fast analysis speed. If the photoelectric direct reading spectrometer is used to analyze the sample without chemical treatment, the sample taken in the furnace can be excited on the sample table as long as the surface oxide is polished off, eliminating the trouble of drilling the sample for chemical analysis. For aluminum and copper, zinc and other non-ferrous metal samples, you can use a small lathe to remove the surface oxide can be directly measured. From sample excitation to the computer to report the element analysis content only 20-30 seconds, the speed is very fast, which is conducive to shortening the smelting time and reducing the cost. Especially for those elements that are easy to burn, it is easier to control their final composition.

(3) High accuracy. The analysis accuracy is very high, can effectively control the chemical composition of the product, ensure that it can meet the national standard specifications, and even the alloy composition can be controlled to the lower limit of the specification to save the consumption of intermediate alloys or ferroalloys.

(4) Less sample consumption.

(5) The analytical data can be printed out from the computer or stored on a floppy disk as a permanent record.

In short, from a technical point of view, photoelectric spectral analysis, it can be said that there is no more effective instrument than it can be used for rapid analysis in front of the furnace, with so many characteristics and can replace it. Therefore, the world's smelting, casting and other metal processing enterprises are competing to use this kind of instrument to become a conventional means of analysis, from the guarantee of product quality, from the economic benefits and other aspects, it is a very favorable analysis tool.

     Demagnetization is the loss of magnetic field strength in magnets. Every magnet has a specific temperature, which is called the Curie temperature, at which it loses its magnetism. If magnets cool to room temperature, they may not regain previous super strong magnetic strength.

What causes strong neodymium magnets to demagnetize?

1. Influence of external magnetic field

     External magnetic fields, especially strong magnetic fields, can cause magnets to lose strength. The alignment of the magnetic domains can be disrupted when exposed to the north and south poles of another magnet.

2. Effects of heat exposure

     Heating permanent rare earth neodymium magnets to the Curie temperature causes its magnetic domains to randomize. Even if the magnet cools down, its original magnetic force may be reduced.

3. The role of working temperature

     Magnets' operating temperature is the highest temperature the magnets can withstand without significant loss of magnetic force. Neodymium magnets have a maximum operating temperature above which they may become demagnetized.

How to determine if neodymium magnets have been demagnetized?

     One must observe its magnetism and properties to determine whether strong power neodymium magnets have been demagnetized. Loss of strength or weakening of the magnetic field may be indicative signs. However, to understand the complete guide to demagnetization, one should understand the inherent properties of magnets such as permeability and temperature tolerance. Using tools or exposing a magnet to another magnet (such as an old magnet from the North) can provide further insight into its current state.

How to remagnetize a demagnetized neodymium magnet?

1.Make sure the demagnetized magnets are at room temperature.

2.Use stronger magnets or current to expose the demagnetized magnet to a strong magnetic field.

3.Make sure the magnets are aligned with the magnetization direction.

     PS：Make sure the magnets are only heated to its Curie point. Additionally, instruments are used to measure the strength that the magnet regains after remagnetization.

     Ndfeb magnets can be divided into bonded NdFeb and sintered NdFeb. The difference between the two magnets is mainly in the production process: bonded neodymium magnet is injection molding by adding NdFeb magnetic powder to the adhesive; sintered neodymium magnet is vacuumed and molded by high temperature heating.

     1. Custom sintered neodymium magnet

     In the process of sintering magnet manufacturing, neodymium magnet powder is mixed with appropriate additives and heated by high temperature sintering process. In the sintering process, the neodymium magnet powder particles will be combined to form a stable magnetic structure, thus forming a magnet with strong magnetism. Generally, through sintering, only blank can be produced, and then through mechanical processing (such as wire cutting, slicing, grinding, etc.) to become a magnet of various shapes. Sintered NdFeb is a hard and brittle material that is difficult to process, with large loss during processing. But the advantage is that sintered magnets usually have a high magnetic force and magnetic energy product, and have good temperature stability.

     Sintered Ndfeb is generally divided into axial magnetization and radial magnetization, and the magnetization direction can be customized according to the required work needs, while sintered Ndfeb has poor corrosion resistance and is easy to oxidize, so it is necessary to deposit on its surface, common nickel plating, galvanized, epoxy plating and so on.

     2. Custom bonded neodymium magnet

     The bonded neodymium magnet is used adhesive to bond the neodymium magnet powder with other metal elements, so it is magnetic in all directions and resistant to corrosion. In the manufacturing process, neodymium magnet powder and adhesive are mixed to form a magnet by pressure or injection molding. Because it is molded by injection molding, the density is generally only 80% of the theoretical, and the magnetism is weaker than the sintered neodymium magnet. But the manufacturing method of bonded neodymium magnets allows for more complex shapes and structures, and can be used in combination with other materials.

     The above is the introduction of the difference between the production processing technology of bonded NdFeb and sintered NdFeb. Both types of custom neodynium permanent magnets have their advantages and application scenarios. Sintered magnet is commonly used in applications that require high magnetic force and temperature stability, such as engines, sensors, and nuclear magnetic resonance equipment. Bonded magnet is suitable for applications that require custom shapes and structures, such as magnetic pusher pins, magnetic labels, etc.

     In short, the manufacturing process of sintered magnet and bonding magnet is different, and the choice of the appropriate process depends on the specific application needs.

Nowadays, most industries are using high-tech and modern types of valves to enhance production and operation.

Out of all the other types of industrial valves, globe valves are widely used in the oil, gas and fuel industries.

There are many uses of this type of valve as it works to stop as well as regulate the flow of liquids. If you want to know more about globe valves and their uses, follow this article.

What Are Globe Valves?

It is a type of linear motion valve which is used in different types of industries. It is designed in a way that you can use it for throttling as well. 

It has a spherical shape like a globe and comes with a disc. The disc moves in order to block as well as allow the flow of substances. When you close the valve, the disc entirely covers the pathway to stop the flow of fluids.

However, when you open the valve, the disc moves upwards in order to clear the pathway and allows substances to flow freely. It is mostly used for isolation and throttling purposes.

This type of industrial valves has good shutoff capability. You can use it to prevent leakages. Apart from that, it also offers good throttling capacity.

The stroke is shorter, which makes it easy to use and maintain. It is available in different types and designs. 

Applications and Uses of Globe Valves:

Globe valves have many applications. It is used for industrial as well as domestic purposes. The majority of the industries with plumbing needs use this type of valve. Here are some applications and uses of globe valves. 

Cooling Water Systems:

A globe valve helps maintain the heat and cooling of the system by regulating the flow. It helps in the adjustment of the temperature of the system in relation to the demand of heat or cool by taking the measurement of the changes in pressure. As a result, a valve regulates the amount of heat produced by the boiler. 

Fuel Oil Systems: 

A Globe Valve is a very important component of fuel oil systems. It helps to prevent and control the rate at which gasoline is burnt in an engine, thus enabling the engine to maintain a constant pressure of fuel at all times. It is usually found on the side of the engine near the firewall. It has a round-shaped body and has two cones on its side. 

Chemical Feed Systems:

A Globe valve is one of the important parts of chemical feed systems. It helps in the complete process of converting the feed mixture into a liquid, and it also helps in the separation of solids from the liquid mixture. A Globe valve has a piston, and it is rotatable. In this, the piston moves up and down due to the increase and decrease in pressure. 

Boiler, Main Stem Vents and Drains:

The globe valve is used in main steam and boiler rooms and drains as well. They can be used for controlling the amount of steam that enters a room from outside, regulate the water temperature in the boiler or condensate drain, or act as a thermostatic valve. It is commonly used in the hot water tank to prevent the loss of hot water from the tank through the pipes.

Turbine Lube Oil System:

A globe valve is used in a turbine lube oil system as it allows the flow of turbine oil to be limited to a single point. The oil is pumped by means of a turbine into a sump tank that is located above the turbine.

This technical specification is suitable for the bidding for the procurement of steel pipe projects.

Executive standards

The steel pipe shall meet the following standards:

Quality standard like Spiral Welded Submerged Arc Welded Steel Pipes for Urban Heating CJ/T3022-1993 or Technical Delivery Conditions of Oil and Gas Industry Transportation Steel Pipes GB/T9711.1-2017 should be implemented for spiral welded pipes.

Seamless Steel Pipe for Fluid Transportation GB/T8163-2008 should be carried out as quality standards for seamless steel pipes.

Technical requirements for steel pipes

Materials

The steel pipe should be made of spiral seam welded steel pipes with Q235B.  The seamless steel pipe should adopt 20# steel.

Technical specifications

The quality and size of spiral seam welded steel pipes should conform to IS09330-1 or GB9711.1～2017 standards.

Spiral seam welded steel pipes should ensure that the minimum yield strength is greater than 235N/mm2.

Weld joints of steel pipes must meet the technical requirements of DIN1626 or GB3323-87.

Specifications, weights and errors of steel pipes

The supply of steel pipes shall comply with the relevant regulations in the latest GB9711.1-2017 or GB8163-2008.

The normal supply length of the steel pipe should be 12m with a length deviation of 0/+25mm.  When the length of the steel pipe is less than 12m due to the valve, compensator or pipeline turning, it should be supplied according to the actual length on site.

The thickness deviation requirements of the raw material steel plate of the steel pipe: when DN is 800mm, the negative thickness deviation should be smaller than or equal to 0mm.  When DN is greater than 800 and smaller than or equal to 1100mm, the thickness negative deviation should be less than or equal to 0mm.  When DN is greater than 1100 and smaller than or equal to 1200mm, the thickness negative deviation should be less than or equal to 3%.

The end of the steel pipe should be grooved.  The groove angle should be 30° and the deviation 0°/5°.  The size of the blunt edge should be 1.6±0.8mm.

The end surface of the steel pipe shall be perpendicular to the axis of the steel pipe.  When the nominal outer diameter is less than 508mm, the limit deviation shall not be greater than 1.5mm.  When the nominal outer diameter is greater than or equal to 508, the limit deviation shall not be greater than 2.0mm.

The ovality of the steel pipe end within 100mm shall not exceed ±1%D.

Requirements for manufacturers

In order to ensure the quality of the project, the following requirements are put forward for the materials and manufacturers of steel pipes and fittings:

The steel quality standards of steel pipes are equal to or higher than those of famous steel pipe manufacturers in China.

The quality standard of the steel pipe is equal to or higher than the product standard produced by the bidder, and the selected manufacturer must be approved by the tenderer and indicate in the bidding document.

At the same time, photocopies of the delivery quality certificate of the steel pipe raw materials, the quality certificate of the steel pipe, the special equipment manufacturing license (pressure pipe) that the manufacturer should have, and the inspection report issued by the local quality inspection department must be attached to the bidding documents.

Seamless steel pipe is a kind of long steel with hollow section and no joint around.  The seamless steel pipe has hollow section and can be used as the pipeline for conveying fluid, such as oil, natural gas, gas, water and some solid materials.  Compared with solid steel such as round steel, seamless steel pipe is lighter in weight when its bending and torsion strength is the same.  It is a kind of economic section steel, which is widely used in the manufacture of structural parts and mechanical parts, such as oil drill pipe, automobile transmission shaft, bicycle frame and steel scaffold used in construction.  Using seamless steel pipe to make annular parts can improve the material utilization rate, simplify the manufacturing process, save materials and working hours, such as rolling bearing rings, Jack sleeves and so on.  Steel pipe is also an indispensable material for all kinds of conventional weapons.  Gun barrel and barrel should be made of steel pipe.

According to different production methods, it can be divided into hot-rolled pipe, cold-rolled pipe, cold drawn pipe, extruded pipe, etc.

1.Hot rolled seamless steel pipe is usually produced on the automatic pipe mill.  After checking and removing the surface defects of the solid tube blank, it is cut into the required length, centring on the end face of the piercing end of the tube blank, and then sent to the heating furnace for heating and piercing on the piercing machine.  In the process of piercing, a cavity is gradually formed inside the tube blank under the action of the roller and the plug, which is called the blank tube.  Then it is sent to the automatic pipe rolling mill to continue rolling.  Finally, the wall thickness is adjusted by the whole machine, and the diameter is calibrated by the sizing machine to meet the specification requirements.  It is an advanced method to produce hot rolled seamless steel tube by continuous pipe mill.

2.  In order to obtain smaller size and better quality seamless tubes, cold rolling, cold drawing or a combination of both must be used.  Cold rolling is usually carried out on a two high mill.  The steel tube is rolled in an annular pass composed of a variable cross-section circular groove and a stationary conical plug.  Cold drawing is usually carried out on 0.5-100t single chain or double chain cold drawing machines.

3.  In extrusion process, the heated tube blank is placed in a closed extrusion cylinder, and the piercing rod and the extrusion rod move together to extrude the extruded part from the smaller die hole.  This method can produce small diameter steel pipe.

LC blade conventional products for paper manufacturing industry include blade for cutting rest concreted paper pulp, separating blade in pulp period, all kinds of scraper in coating period and circular rewinder cutting blade, slitter blade, crossing-cutting blade in final processing period. Among them, the lcknife circular slitting blade which used in processing paper for daily use is most popular in the market, like cutting blade, punching blade, rolled paper slitting blade and pipe cutting blade.

Are you tired of struggling with your old, worn-out sliding doors? Do they stick or make irritating noises every time you try to open or close them? Look no further! In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of sliding door wheels, soft-close sliding door rollers, narrow frame sliding door system hardware, sliding door system kits, and aluminum frame door rollers. Get ready to transform your sliding doors into smooth and noise-free wonders!

Sliding Door Wheels: The Foundation of Smooth Operation

When it comes to sliding doors, the wheels play a crucial role in ensuring a smooth and effortless operation. Opting for high-quality sliding door wheels can make a world of difference. These wheels are designed to withstand heavy loads and provide exceptional durability. With their precision engineering and smooth rolling action, you can say goodbye to sticky or jammed doors.

Soft-Close Sliding Door Rollers: Adding Elegance and Functionality

If you desire both elegance and functionality, consider upgrading to soft-close sliding door rollers. These innovative rollers feature a mechanism that gently slows down the door as it closes, preventing any sudden slamming. This not only adds a touch of sophistication to your sliding doors but also increases their lifespan by reducing wear and tear.

Narrow Frame Sliding Door System Hardware: Maximizing Space and Style

For those looking to maximize space and create a sleek aesthetic, narrow frame sliding door system hardware is the perfect solution. This hardware is specially designed for doors with slim frames, offering a seamless and minimalist appearance. With its smooth track and reliable operation, your sliding doors will effortlessly glide open and closed, even in tight spaces.

Sliding Door System Kits: Convenience and Ease of Installation

If you’re looking for a hassle-free solution, consider investing in a sliding door system kit. These kits include all the necessary hardware and components, making installation a breeze. From the track and wheels to the handles and guides, everything is conveniently packaged together. With clear instructions and a straightforward process, you can have your upgraded sliding doors up and running in no time.

Aluminum Frame Door Rollers: Lightweight and Durable

When it comes to durability and strength, aluminum frame door rollers are an excellent choice. Their lightweight construction makes them easy to handle, while their robust design ensures longevity. These rollers are resistant to rust and corrosion, making them ideal for both indoor and outdoor sliding doors. Say goodbye to squeaky and unreliable wheels, and welcome a smooth and reliable sliding experience.

In conclusion, upgrading your sliding doors with high-quality hardware is a worthy investment. Whether you choose sliding door wheels, soft-close sliding door rollers, narrow frame sliding door system hardware, sliding door system kits, or aluminum frame door rollers, your doors will be transformed. Enjoy smooth, noise-free operation, increased functionality, and a touch of elegance. Enhance your living spaces with these top-notch solutions, and make your sliding doors the envy of all who see them!

Are you tired of loud and abrupt door closures? The soft closing invisible roller and track kit is the perfect solution for those looking to upgrade their door system with a smooth and quiet closing mechanism. In this step-by-step guide, we will walk you through the process of installing and using this innovative kit. Let’s get started!

Step 1: Gather the Necessary Tools and Materials

Before you begin, make sure you have all the required tools and materials handy. You will need:

• Soft closing invisible roller and track kit (including rollers, tracks, and mounting accessories)

• Measuring tape

• Pencil

• Screwdriver

• Level

Step 2: Measure and Mark

Start by measuring the height and width of your door opening. Use a measuring tape to ensure accurate measurements. Based on the dimensions, mark the desired position of the roller and track on the door frame and the top of the door.

Step 3: Install the Rollers

Next, install the rollers on the top of the door. Align the rollers with the marked positions, making sure they are level. Using a screwdriver, secure the rollers tightly to the door.

Step 4: Attach the Track

Attach the track to the door frame according to the marked position. Ensure that the track is aligned and level. Use a level to double-check its positioning. Secure the track using the provided mounting accessories and a screwdriver.

Step 5: Test the Door Movement

Gently open and close the door to ensure that the rollers glide smoothly along the track. If you encounter any issues, double-check the alignment of the rollers and track. Make necessary adjustments until the door moves effortlessly.

Step 6: Enjoy the Soft Closing Feature

Now that everything is properly installed, you can experience the benefits of the soft closing feature. Each time you close the door, the rollers will engage, providing a controlled and noise-free closure. Bid farewell to slamming doors!

Conclusion

By following this step-by-step guide, you can easily install and use the soft closing invisible roller and track kit. Say goodbye to noisy and disruptive door closures. With its smooth and quiet operation, this innovative kit will add convenience and elegance to any space. Enjoy the comfort of a gentle, soft-closing door system!